Geothermal Energy: A General Overview with Specific Reference to the Long Valley Caldera :: Energy Geothermal Papers

Geothermal Energy: A General Overview with Specific Reference to the Long Valley Caldera Introduction Geothermal energy is a process that uses heated groundwater to turn turbines that produce electricity. The water is warmed by the earth's natural heat. Geothermal energy was first developed by Count Lardarel of Lardarello, Tuscany in 1827 (Geothermal.marin). Since then many other countries have developed geothermal technology, yet it is a resource that remains mostly untapped. As the need to find alternative fuel sources grows, geothermal energy becomes an interesting option for potential future energy production. Geothermal energy production involves a complex set of issues. First it is important to place geothermal energy in context of today's energy needs. Currently, one of the ongoing dilemmas of energy use is the worldwide allocation of resources and general rate of consumption. Within this essay, I will illustrate a brief history of energy use and development. Geothermal energy can only be produced in particular geological settings. Only areas with recent volcanic activity can produce the heat needed for geothermal production. Therefore, a basic understanding of tectonic plate movement and volcanology is required to understand the production of geothermal energy. I intend to give a general background on the geological settings necessary for the production of geothermal energy production. Lastly, I will center on one region in particular, namely the Long Valley Caldera in California. This is an area that is saturated with historical and present volcanic activity. The recent volcanic activity makes it an area that is perfect for geothermal energy production. I will discuss in particular the Mammoth Pacific plant that operates in Mammoth Lakes. What is Geothermal Energy? The production of geothermal energy is a way of utilizing heat that is created by volcanic activity to produce electricity. Within a geothermal system, ground water is heated by magma chambers to temperatures as high as 450 degrees Fahrenheit. However, the temperature of the water depends on the geothermal gradient. A gradient signifies how deep below the surface the heated water is. The deeper down the water is in the earth, the hotter it will be (this is called a steep geothermal gradient). The water either reaches the surface of the earth naturally in the form of geysers, fumaroles, or hot springs; or it must be drilled.